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Inspect
products regularly for visible damage, cracks, wear, elongation,
rust, etc. Protect all products from corrosion. The
need for periodic inspections cannot be overemphasized.
No product can keep operating at its rated capacity indefinitely.
Periodic inspections help determine when to replace a product
and reduce rigging hazards. Keep inspection records
to help pinpoint problems and to ensure periodic inspection
intervals.
Due to
the diversity of the products involved and uses to which
they can be put, it would be counterproductive to make blanket
recommendations for inspection procedures and frequency.
Best results will be achieved when qualified personnel base
their decisions on information from rigging and engineering
manuals and on experience from actual use in the field.
Refer to sources listed on page 73 for technical literature.
Frequency
of inspection will depend on environmental conditions,
application, storage of product prior to use, frequency
of use, etc. When in doubt, inspect products prior to
each use. Carefully check each item for wear, deformation,
cracks or elongation - a sure sign of imminent failure.
Immediately withdraw such items from service.
Rust
damage is another potential hazard. When in doubt about
the extent of corrosion or other damage, withdraw the items
from service.
Destroy,
rather than discard, items that have been judged defective.
They might be used again by someone not aware of the
hazard involved.
Additional
warnings and information on wire rope, chain, cordage, blocks
and tools can be found preceeding each section. These should
be read and understood thoroughly before using a particular
item.
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Information contained
in this catalog is subject to change; all weights and dimensions are
approximate. Ratings are stated in short tons (2,000lbs.) or pounds.
All dimensions are in inches; all weights are in pounds, unless stated
otherwise.
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The
Working Load Limit is the maximum load which should ever be applied
to the product, even when the
product is new and when the load is uniformly applied - straight line
pull only. Avoid side loading. All catalog ratings are based
upon usual environmental conditions and consideration must be given
to unusual conditions such as extreme high or low temperatures, chemical
solutions or vapors, prolonged immersion in salt water, etc. Never
exceed the Working Load Limit.
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| Proof
Test Load (Proof Load)
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The
term "Proof Test" designates a quality control test applied to the
product for the sole purpose of detecting
defects in material or manufacture. The Proof Test Load (usually twice
the Working Load Limit) is the load which
the product withstood without deformation when new and under laboratory
test conditions. A constantly increasing
force is applied in direct line to the product at a uniform rate of
speed on a standard pull testing machine. The
Proof Test Load does not mean the Working Load Limit should ever be
exceeded.
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| Breaking
Strength/Ultimate Strength
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Do not use breaking
strength as a criterion for service or design purposes. Refer to
the Working Load Limit instead.
Breaking Strength is the average
force at which the product, in the condition it would leave the
factory, has been found
by representative testing to break, when a constantly increasing
force is applied in direct line to the product at a
uniform rate of speed on a standard pull testing machine. Proof
testing to twice the Working Load Limit does not apply
to hand-spliced slings.
Remember:
Breaking Strengths, when published, were obtained under controlled
laboratory conditions.
Listing of the Breaking Strength does not mean the Working Load
Limit should ever be exceeded.
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| Design
Factor (sometimes
referred to as safety factor)
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An industry
term usually computed by dividing the catalog Breaking Strength
by the catalog Working Load Limit and generally expressed
as a ratio. For example: 5 to 1.
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A load
resulting from rapid change of movement, such as impacting, jerking
or swinging of a static load. Sudden release of tension is another
form of shock loading. Shock loads are generally significantly greater
than static loads. Any shock loading must be considered
when selecting the item for use in a system.
Avoid shock loads
as they may exceed the Working Load Limit. |
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